![]() The exposure time for second-stage juveniles (J2) hatch, motility and viability of the J2 to each concentration was 24, 48 and 72 h. The objective of this study was to compare the toxicity of pure (98%) cucurbitacin A and B on nematode bioactivities with those of their fermented crude-extracts, the Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides, respectively. ![]() Previous claims suggested that pure active ingredients from botanicals were less effective in pest management than their fermented crude-extracts.
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